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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) Sample Questions (Q34-Q39):

NEW QUESTION # 34
While testing a web application in development, you notice that the web server does not properly ignore the
"dot dot slash" (../) character string and instead returns the file listing of a folder structure of the server.
What kind of attack is possible in this scenario?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Appropriately controlling admittance to web content is significant for running a safe web worker. Index crossing or Path Traversal is a HTTP assault which permits aggressors to get to limited catalogs and execute orders outside of the web worker's root registry.
Web workers give two primary degrees of security instruments
* Access Control Lists (ACLs)
* Root index
An Access Control List is utilized in the approval cycle. It is a rundown which the web worker's manager uses to show which clients or gatherings can get to, change or execute specific records on the worker, just as other access rights.
The root registry is a particular index on the worker record framework in which the clients are kept. Clients can't get to anything over this root.
For instance: the default root registry of IIS on Windows is C:Inetpubwwwroot and with this arrangement, a client doesn't approach C:Windows yet approaches C:Inetpubwwwroot ews and some other indexes and documents under the root catalog (given that the client is confirmed by means of the ACLs).
The root index keeps clients from getting to any documents on the worker, for example, C:WINDOWS
/system32/win.ini on Windows stages and the/and so on/passwd record on Linux/UNIX stages.
This weakness can exist either in the web worker programming itself or in the web application code.
To play out a registry crossing assault, all an assailant requires is an internet browser and some information on where to aimlessly discover any default documents and registries on the framework.
What an assailant can do if your site is defenseless
With a framework defenseless against index crossing, an aggressor can utilize this weakness to venture out of the root catalog and access different pieces of the record framework. This may enable the assailant to see confined documents, which could give the aggressor more data needed to additional trade off the framework.
Contingent upon how the site access is set up, the aggressor will execute orders by mimicking himself as the client which is related with "the site". Along these lines everything relies upon what the site client has been offered admittance to in the framework.
Illustration of a Directory Traversal assault by means of web application code In web applications with dynamic pages, input is generally gotten from programs through GET or POST solicitation techniques. Here is an illustration of a HTTP GET demand URL GET
http://test.webarticles.com/show.asp?view=oldarchive.html HTTP/1.1
Host: test.webarticles.com
With this URL, the browser requests the dynamic page show.asp from the server and with it also sends the parameter view with the value of oldarchive.html. When this request is executed on the web server, show.
asp retrieves the file oldarchive.html from the server's file system, renders it and then sends it back to the browser which displays it to the user. The attacker would assume that show.asp can retrieve files from the file system and sends the following custom URL.
GET
http://test.webarticles.com/show.asp?view=../../../../../Windows/system.ini HTTP/1.1 Host: test.webarticles.com This will cause the dynamic page to retrieve the file system.ini from the file system and display it to the user.
The expression ../ instructs the system to go one directory up which is commonly used as an operating system directive. The attacker has to guess how many directories he has to go up to find the Windows folder on the system, but this is easily done by trial and error.
Example of a Directory Traversal attack via web server
Apart from vulnerabilities in the code, even the web server itself can be open to directory traversal attacks.
The problem can either be incorporated into the web server software or inside some sample script files left available on the server.
The vulnerability has been fixed in the latest versions of web server software, but there are web servers online which are still using older versions of IIS and Apache which might be open to directory traversal attacks.
Even though you might be using a web server software version that has fixed this vulnerability, you might still have some sensitive default script directories exposed which are well known to hackers.
For example, a URL request which makes use of the scripts directory of IIS to traverse directories and execute a command can be GET
http://server.com/scripts/..%5c../Windows/System32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c: HTTP/1.1 Host: server.com The request would return to the user a list of all files in the C: directory by executing the cmd.exe command shell file and run the command dir c: in the shell. The %5c expression that is in the URL request is a web server escape code which is used to represent normal characters. In this case %5c represents the character .
Newer versions of modern web server software check for these escape codes and do not let them through.
Some older versions however, do not filter out these codes in the root directory enforcer and will let the attackers execute such commands.


NEW QUESTION # 35
You are attempting to run an Nmap port scan on a web server. Which of the following commands would result in a scan of common ports with the least amount of noise In order to evade IDS?

Answer: D

Explanation:
-A: Perform an aggressive scan which select most of the commonly used options within nmap
-Pn: Means Don't ping
-p:scan specific ports
-sT: TCP Connect scan
-O: Operating system detection
-T0: timing template (extremely slow- evade FW)0


NEW QUESTION # 36
Todd has been asked by the security officer to purchase a counter-based authentication system. Which of the following best describes this type of system?

Answer: C

Explanation:
A counter-based authentication system is based on the HOTP (HMAC-Based One-Time Password) algorithm.
It uses a shared secret and a moving counter to generate a one-time password (OTP). Each time the counter is incremented, a new OTP is generated and encrypted using the secret key.
Reference - CEH v13 Official Study Guide:
Module 5: System Hacking
Quote:
"HOTP generates a one-time password using a counter value and a secret key. This is a form of two-factor authentication, and the passwords are encrypted." Incorrect Options Explained:
A & B. These describe biometric systems, not counter-based OTPs.
D). Virtual passwords from passphrases are not counter-based systems.


NEW QUESTION # 37
Nicolas just found a vulnerability on a public-facing system that is considered a zero-day vulnerability. He sent an email to the owner of the public system describing the problem and how the owner can protect themselves from that vulnerability. He also sent an email to Microsoft informing them of the problem that their systems are exposed to. What type of hacker is Nicolas?

Answer: D

Explanation:
A white hat (or a white hat hacker) is an ethical computer hacker, or a computer security expert, who focuses on penetration testing and in other testing methodologies that ensures the safety of an organization's information systems. Ethical hacking may be a term meant to imply a broader category than simply penetration testing. Contrasted with black hat, a malicious hacker, the name comes from Western films, where heroic and antagonistic cowboys might traditionally wear a white and a black hat respectively. While a white hat hacker hacks under good intentions with permission, and a black hat hacker, most frequently unauthorized, has malicious intent, there's a 3rd kind referred to as a gray hat hacker who hacks with good intentions but sometimes without permission.
White hat hackers can also add teams called "sneakers and/or hacker clubs",red teams, or tiger teams.
While penetration testing concentrates on attacking software and computer systems from the beginning - scanning ports, examining known defects in protocols and applications running on the system and patch installations, as an example - ethical hacking may include other things. A full-blown ethical hack might include emailing staff to invite password details, searching through executive's dustbins and typically breaking and entering, without the knowledge and consent of the targets. Only the owners, CEOs and Board Members (stake holders) who asked for such a censoring of this magnitude are aware. to undertake to duplicate a number of the destructive techniques a true attack might employ, ethical hackers may arrange for cloned test systems, or organize a hack late in the dark while systems are less critical. In most up-to-date cases these hacks perpetuate for the long-term con (days, if not weeks, of long-term human infiltration into an organization). Some examples include leaving USB/flash key drives with hidden auto-start software during a public area as if someone lost the tiny drive and an unsuspecting employee found it and took it.
Some other methods of completing these include:
* DoS attacks
* Social engineering tactics
* Reverse engineering
* Network security
* Disk and memory forensics
* Vulnerability research
* Security scanners such as:
- W3af
- Nessus
- Burp suite
* Frameworks such as:
- Metasploit
* Training Platforms
These methods identify and exploit known security vulnerabilities and plan to evade security to realize entry into secured areas. they're ready to do that by hiding software and system 'back-doors' which will be used as a link to information or access that a non-ethical hacker, also referred to as 'black-hat' or 'grey-hat', might want to succeed in .


NEW QUESTION # 38
You receive an email prompting you to download "Antivirus 2010" software using a suspicious link. The software claims to provide protection but redirects you to an unknown site.

How will you determine if this is a Real or Fake Antivirus website?

Answer: E

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
Fake antivirus (also known as scareware) tricks users into downloading malware disguised as legitimate antivirus software.
The best approach:
Google the product name and URL.
Check reputable forums, antivirus vendors, or security advisories.
Look for phishing warnings or reports of malware.
From CEH v13 Courseware:
Module 7: Social Engineering and Phishing Scams
Module 6: Malware Threats # Rogue Software
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 6: Fake Antivirus and ScarewareUS-CERT Alert TA13-112A - Detecting Fake Antivirus Software


NEW QUESTION # 39
......

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